http://xlsemanal.finanzas.com/web/articulo.php?id=61859&id_edicion=5787&salto_pagina=0
Es un experto en las alteraciones de la división celular, lo que dicho de forma prosaica significa «cáncer». Enemigo declarado del tabaco, apuesta por la prevención y la investigación sin prejuicios. «¡Algo falla! ¡Algo falta en la investigación de la enfermedad! ¿Pero qué? Quizá no estemos dando los pasos correctos»
domingo, 7 de noviembre de 2010
miércoles, 22 de septiembre de 2010
Dietary fat and breast cancer-Dieta grasa diaria y cancer de pecho
Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:221-48.
Lee MM, Lin SS.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. mlee@epi.ucsf.edu
Abstract
One of the most often studied associations in epidemiology is dietary fat and breast cancer risk. That migrants from low-risk countries increase their risk on immigrating to higher-risk countries suggests that some modifiable lifestyle or environmental factor is responsible for the development of breast cancer. Although early international correlational studies and experimental animals studies support dietary fat as a risk factor for breast cancer, more recent data from case-control studies and cohort studies have been equivocal, thus the analytical data do not support a strong positive association. The conflicting results from analytic studies may be due to methodologic issues associated with study design, dietary assessment tools, measurement error, improper statistical analyses, and a lack of heterogeneity in fat intake among the study population. Moreover, current dietary questionnaires may be inadequate in capturing true dietary intakes or capturing the risk with exposure during earlier periods of a woman's life. Although two large clinical trials investigating the fat/breast cancer relationships issue are underway, researchers are generally skeptical at their ability to detect an independent association between fat and breast cancer risk. Further epidemiologic studies using current methodology may not prove to be fruitful in generating definitive answers to shed light on this controversial issue. In addition, rather than concentrating on dietary fat, researchers should focus on diets that are not only low in saturated fat, but also high in fruit and vegetable consumption. Researchers should take advantage of advances in molecular and genetic technology for a different perspective in examining the issue. For example, markers of susceptibility to breast cancer that can detect women at higher risk for breast cancer may be helpful in clarifying the role of dietary fat. More comprehensive and multiple approaches to studying dietary factors and breast cancer are recommended.
PMID: 10940333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Lee MM, Lin SS.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. mlee@epi.ucsf.edu
Abstract
One of the most often studied associations in epidemiology is dietary fat and breast cancer risk. That migrants from low-risk countries increase their risk on immigrating to higher-risk countries suggests that some modifiable lifestyle or environmental factor is responsible for the development of breast cancer. Although early international correlational studies and experimental animals studies support dietary fat as a risk factor for breast cancer, more recent data from case-control studies and cohort studies have been equivocal, thus the analytical data do not support a strong positive association. The conflicting results from analytic studies may be due to methodologic issues associated with study design, dietary assessment tools, measurement error, improper statistical analyses, and a lack of heterogeneity in fat intake among the study population. Moreover, current dietary questionnaires may be inadequate in capturing true dietary intakes or capturing the risk with exposure during earlier periods of a woman's life. Although two large clinical trials investigating the fat/breast cancer relationships issue are underway, researchers are generally skeptical at their ability to detect an independent association between fat and breast cancer risk. Further epidemiologic studies using current methodology may not prove to be fruitful in generating definitive answers to shed light on this controversial issue. In addition, rather than concentrating on dietary fat, researchers should focus on diets that are not only low in saturated fat, but also high in fruit and vegetable consumption. Researchers should take advantage of advances in molecular and genetic technology for a different perspective in examining the issue. For example, markers of susceptibility to breast cancer that can detect women at higher risk for breast cancer may be helpful in clarifying the role of dietary fat. More comprehensive and multiple approaches to studying dietary factors and breast cancer are recommended.
PMID: 10940333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Consumption of dairy products and the risk of breast cancer: a review of the literature.
Consumption of dairy products and the risk of breast cancer: a review of the literature.
Moorman PG, Terry PD.
Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Control Research Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Abstract
Differences in eating patterns and breast cancer rates across countries suggest that several dietary components, including dairy products, could affect breast cancer risk. However, dairy products are a diverse food group in terms of the factors that could potentially influence risk. Some dairy products, such as whole milk and many types of cheese, have a relatively high saturated fat content, which may increase risk. Moreover, milk products may contain contaminants such as pesticides, which have carcinogenic potential, and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor I, which have been shown to promote breast cancer cell growth. In contrast, the calcium and vitamin D contents of dairy products have been hypothesized to reduce breast cancer risk. We reviewed the current epidemiologic literature on the relation between dairy product intakes and breast cancer risk, focusing primarily on the results of cohort and case-control studies. Most of the studies reviewed showed no consistent pattern of increased or decreased breast cancer risk with a high consumption of dairy products as a whole or when broken down into high-fat and low-fat dairy products, milk, cheese, or butter. Measurement error may have attenuated any modest association with dairy products. The available epidemiologic evidence does not support a strong association between the consumption of milk or other dairy products and breast cancer risk.
Free Article
PMID: 15213021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Moorman PG, Terry PD.
Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Control Research Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Abstract
Differences in eating patterns and breast cancer rates across countries suggest that several dietary components, including dairy products, could affect breast cancer risk. However, dairy products are a diverse food group in terms of the factors that could potentially influence risk. Some dairy products, such as whole milk and many types of cheese, have a relatively high saturated fat content, which may increase risk. Moreover, milk products may contain contaminants such as pesticides, which have carcinogenic potential, and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor I, which have been shown to promote breast cancer cell growth. In contrast, the calcium and vitamin D contents of dairy products have been hypothesized to reduce breast cancer risk. We reviewed the current epidemiologic literature on the relation between dairy product intakes and breast cancer risk, focusing primarily on the results of cohort and case-control studies. Most of the studies reviewed showed no consistent pattern of increased or decreased breast cancer risk with a high consumption of dairy products as a whole or when broken down into high-fat and low-fat dairy products, milk, cheese, or butter. Measurement error may have attenuated any modest association with dairy products. The available epidemiologic evidence does not support a strong association between the consumption of milk or other dairy products and breast cancer risk.
Free Article
PMID: 15213021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The European prospective investigation about cancer and nutrition (Abstract)
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2004 Mar-Apr;78(2):167-76.
[The European prospective investigation about cancer and nutrition (EPIC)]
[Article in Spanish]
González CA, Navarro C, Martínez C, Quirós JR, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Tormo MJ, Agudo A, Chirlaque MD, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Pera G, Sánchez MJ, Berenguer A.
Servicio de Epidemiología y Registro del Cáncer Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Av. Gran Vía s/n, km 2,7, 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona. cagonzalez@ico.scs.es
Abstract
EPIC is a prospective multi-center study coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) operating under the WHO which commenced in 1993 with the collecting of data and blood samples at twenty-three centers in ten European countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom and Sweden). In Spain, this study was conducted in five geographic areas (Asturias, Granada, Guipuzcoa, Murcia and Navarre). This study included a total of 519,978 individuals (366,521 of whom were females), blood samples for laboratory analysis being available for a total of 385,719 of these individuals. To date, a total of 24,195 incident cancer cases have been identified. The results of the food intake comparison among the twenty-three European centers were published in 2002, in a European Nutrition journal supplement. The initial EPIC results concerning the relationship between diet and cancer show the intake of fiber, fruits and vegetables to have an effect on protect against colon and rectal cancer, the intake of fruits to have an effect on protect against lung cancer and the intake of fruits and vegetables on the upper digestive tract, whilst a high intake of fruits and vegetables has been shown to have no effect on prostate cancer. Using a seven-day diary for evaluating saturated fat intake, a high intake of saturated fats has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer.
PMID: 15199795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
[The European prospective investigation about cancer and nutrition (EPIC)]
[Article in Spanish]
González CA, Navarro C, Martínez C, Quirós JR, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Tormo MJ, Agudo A, Chirlaque MD, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Pera G, Sánchez MJ, Berenguer A.
Servicio de Epidemiología y Registro del Cáncer Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Av. Gran Vía s/n, km 2,7, 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona. cagonzalez@ico.scs.es
Abstract
EPIC is a prospective multi-center study coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) operating under the WHO which commenced in 1993 with the collecting of data and blood samples at twenty-three centers in ten European countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom and Sweden). In Spain, this study was conducted in five geographic areas (Asturias, Granada, Guipuzcoa, Murcia and Navarre). This study included a total of 519,978 individuals (366,521 of whom were females), blood samples for laboratory analysis being available for a total of 385,719 of these individuals. To date, a total of 24,195 incident cancer cases have been identified. The results of the food intake comparison among the twenty-three European centers were published in 2002, in a European Nutrition journal supplement. The initial EPIC results concerning the relationship between diet and cancer show the intake of fiber, fruits and vegetables to have an effect on protect against colon and rectal cancer, the intake of fruits to have an effect on protect against lung cancer and the intake of fruits and vegetables on the upper digestive tract, whilst a high intake of fruits and vegetables has been shown to have no effect on prostate cancer. Using a seven-day diary for evaluating saturated fat intake, a high intake of saturated fats has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer.
PMID: 15199795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
miércoles, 4 de agosto de 2010
NEUTROFILOS Y TRATAMIENTO DEL CANCER
Tumour Cell Lines HT-29 and FaDu Produce Proinflammatory Cytokines and Activate Neutrophils In Vitro: Possible Applications for Neutrophil-Based Antitumour Treatment
AUTORES/AS: Antonio Brú,1 Juan-Carlos Souto,2 Sonia Alcolea,3 Rosa Antón,3 Angel Remacha,4 Mercedes Camacho,3 Marta Soler,3 Isabel Brú,5 Amelia Porres,6 and Luis Vila3:
1Applied Mathematics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2Haematology Department, Institute of Research of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
3Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Research of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
4Haematology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Virgen de la Salud, 45004 Toledo, Spain
5Centro de Salud La Estación, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain
6Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Received 1 July 2009; Accepted 1 November 2009
Academic Editor: Eeva Moilanen
Mediators of InflammationVolume 2009 (2009), Article ID 817498, 13 pagesdoi:10.1155/2009/817498
AUTORES/AS: Antonio Brú,1 Juan-Carlos Souto,2 Sonia Alcolea,3 Rosa Antón,3 Angel Remacha,4 Mercedes Camacho,3 Marta Soler,3 Isabel Brú,5 Amelia Porres,6 and Luis Vila3:
1Applied Mathematics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2Haematology Department, Institute of Research of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
3Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Research of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
4Haematology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Virgen de la Salud, 45004 Toledo, Spain
5Centro de Salud La Estación, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain
6Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Received 1 July 2009; Accepted 1 November 2009
Academic Editor: Eeva Moilanen
Mediators of InflammationVolume 2009 (2009), Article ID 817498, 13 pagesdoi:10.1155/2009/817498
jueves, 22 de julio de 2010
MD ANDERSON CENTER-The Power of Sustainable Changes in Diet and Lifestyle
Link con un video de 1 hora en el que se presenta y aborda el sistema de dieta, complementos alimenticios, y cambios de vida no ya como prevención, como en muchos artículos de divulgación general, sino como tratamiento del cancer.
En el video intervienen varios especialistas, y en la página web de la clínica Anderson, apartado "multimedia educational tools", está dividido en varios videos,uno para cada especialista.
VER: http://www3.mdanderson.org/streams/FullVideoPlayer.cfm?xml=publicEd%2Fconfig%2FDiet-Exercise-Ornish--cfg
INFORMACION COMPLEMENTARIA en la web de la Clínica Anderson, poniendo en su buscador: INTEGRATIVE.
En el video intervienen varios especialistas, y en la página web de la clínica Anderson, apartado "multimedia educational tools", está dividido en varios videos,uno para cada especialista.
VER: http://www3.mdanderson.org/streams/FullVideoPlayer.cfm?xml=publicEd%2Fconfig%2FDiet-Exercise-Ornish--cfg
INFORMACION COMPLEMENTARIA en la web de la Clínica Anderson, poniendo en su buscador: INTEGRATIVE.
jueves, 15 de julio de 2010
What is the point: will screening mammography save my life?-¿ Hacerme una mamografía, puede salvar mi vida..?
REVISTA: BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009 Apr 2;9:18.
AUTOR: Keen JD, Keen JE.
DONDE: Department of Radiology, John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, 1901 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612-9985, USA. jkeen@ccbhs.org. USA.
Comment in:
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009;9:19.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009;9:20.
Abstract/RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We analyzed the claim "mammography saves lives" by calculating the life-saving absolute benefit of screening mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality in women ages 40 to 65.
METHODS: To calculate the absolute benefit, we first estimated the screen-free absolute death risk from breast cancer by adjusting the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program 15-year cumulative breast cancer mortality to account for the separate effects of screening mammography and improved therapy. We calculated the absolute risk reduction (reduction in absolute death risk), the number needed to screen assuming repeated screening, and the survival percentages without and with screening. We varied the relative risk reduction from 10%-30% based on the randomized trials of screening mammography. We developed additional variations of the absolute risk reduction for a screening intervention, including the average benefit of a single screen, as well as the life-saving proportion among patients with earlier cancer detection.
RESULTS: Because the screen-free absolute death risk is approximately 1% overall but rises with age, the relative risk reduction from repeated screening mammography is about 100 times the absolute risk reduction between the starting ages of 50 and 60. Assuming a base case 20% relative risk reduction, repeated screening starting at age 50 saves about 1.8 (overall range, 0.9-2.7) lives over 15 years for every 1000 women screened. The number needed to screen repeatedly is 1000/1.8, or 570. The survival percentage is 99.12% without and 99.29% with screening.
The average benefit of a single screening mammogram is 0.034%, or 2970 women must be screened once to save one life. Mammography saves 4.3% of screen-detectable cancer patients' lives starting at age 50. This means 23 cancers must be found starting at age 50, or 27 cancers at age 40 and 21 cancers at age 65, to save one life.
CONCLUSION: The life-saving absolute benefit of screening mammography increases with age as the absolute death risk increases. The number of events needed to save one life varies depending on the prospective screening subset or reference class. Less than 5% of women with screen-detectable cancers have their lives saved.
AUTOR: Keen JD, Keen JE.
DONDE: Department of Radiology, John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, 1901 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612-9985, USA. jkeen@ccbhs.org. USA.
Comment in:
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009;9:19.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009;9:20.
Abstract/RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We analyzed the claim "mammography saves lives" by calculating the life-saving absolute benefit of screening mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality in women ages 40 to 65.
METHODS: To calculate the absolute benefit, we first estimated the screen-free absolute death risk from breast cancer by adjusting the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program 15-year cumulative breast cancer mortality to account for the separate effects of screening mammography and improved therapy. We calculated the absolute risk reduction (reduction in absolute death risk), the number needed to screen assuming repeated screening, and the survival percentages without and with screening. We varied the relative risk reduction from 10%-30% based on the randomized trials of screening mammography. We developed additional variations of the absolute risk reduction for a screening intervention, including the average benefit of a single screen, as well as the life-saving proportion among patients with earlier cancer detection.
RESULTS: Because the screen-free absolute death risk is approximately 1% overall but rises with age, the relative risk reduction from repeated screening mammography is about 100 times the absolute risk reduction between the starting ages of 50 and 60. Assuming a base case 20% relative risk reduction, repeated screening starting at age 50 saves about 1.8 (overall range, 0.9-2.7) lives over 15 years for every 1000 women screened. The number needed to screen repeatedly is 1000/1.8, or 570. The survival percentage is 99.12% without and 99.29% with screening.
The average benefit of a single screening mammogram is 0.034%, or 2970 women must be screened once to save one life. Mammography saves 4.3% of screen-detectable cancer patients' lives starting at age 50. This means 23 cancers must be found starting at age 50, or 27 cancers at age 40 and 21 cancers at age 65, to save one life.
CONCLUSION: The life-saving absolute benefit of screening mammography increases with age as the absolute death risk increases. The number of events needed to save one life varies depending on the prospective screening subset or reference class. Less than 5% of women with screen-detectable cancers have their lives saved.
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